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!important;border-left-color:#FFFFFF !important;border-top-width:3px;border-right-width:3px;border-bottom-width:3px !important;border-left-width:3px !important;border-top-style:solid;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-style:solid !important;border-left-style:solid !important;box-sizing:border-box;transform:rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);-moz-transform:rotate(0deg);-o-transform:rotate(0deg);"><section style="line-height:0;width:0;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:top;" viewbox="0 0 1 1" /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display:block;position:static;box-sizing:border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="line-height:1.8;font-size:14px;box-sizing:border-box;"> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 今日是农历二月二龙抬头的好日子，不少企业于今日迎来了全面的复工。在过去一个多月的日子里，因新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情的蔓延所采取的应急措施，如隔离、延期复工、延期开学和交通管制等影响，不少企业可能会面临各种已经订立的合同无法履行或无法及时履行问题，从而面临被追究违约责任的情况。为此，广东法迈律师事务所合同部律师结合实践中经常遇到的疑难问题，做初步的分析和解答，以供企业参考。 </p> </section></section><section style="position:static;box-sizing:border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin:15px 0px;display:flex;position:static;box-sizing:border-box;align-items:center;"><section style="flex:1 0 1px;width:auto;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;box-sizing:border-box;"><section style="margin:0.5em 0px;position:static;box-sizing:border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="height:1px;background-image:linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(218, 235, 255, 0.4) 0%, #B6D8FF 100%);line-height:0;box-sizing:border-box;"></section> </section></section><section style="padding:0px;flex:0 1 auto;width:auto;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;box-sizing:border-box;"><section style="margin:0px 0%;text-align:center;position:static;box-sizing:border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="group-empty" style="background-position:50% 50%;width:40px;height:30px;background-image:url("https://statics.xiumi.us/stc/images/templates-assets/tpl-paper/image/eab174e7e1a9fa473c912003c353d934-sz_1606986.gif");line-height:0;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;vertical-align:top;display:inline-block;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;box-sizing:border-box;background-size:contain;"></section></section></section><section style="flex:1 0 1px;width:auto;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline-block;box-sizing:border-box;"><section style="margin:0.5em 0px;position:static;box-sizing:border-box;transform:translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px) rotateY(180deg);-webkit-transform:translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px) rotateY(180deg);-moz-transform:translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px) rotateY(180deg);-o-transform:translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px) rotateY(180deg);" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="height:1px;background-image:linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(218, 235, 255, 0.4) 0%, #B6D8FF 100%);line-height:0;box-sizing:border-box;"></section> </section></section></section></section><section style="line-height:1.8;font-size:14px;box-sizing:border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;text-align:left;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 企业能否以主张新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情事件构成不可抗力而减轻或者免除合同法律责任？ </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 所谓不可抗力，是指合同订立时不能预见、不能避免并不能克服的客观情况，新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情是否构成不可抗力，需要从以下三个方面进行把握： </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> <strong style="box-sizing:border-box;">一、存在不能预见、不能避免且不能克服的客观情况；</strong> </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> <strong style="box-sizing:border-box;"><br style="box-sizing:border-box;" /> </strong> </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;text-align:left;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> <strong style="box-sizing:border-box;">权威解答：</strong> </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 全国人大常委会法工委发言人、研究室主任臧铁伟2020年2月10日答记者问，当前我国发生了新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情这一突发公共卫生事件。为了保护公众健康，政府也采取了相应疫情防控措施。对于因此不能履行合同的当事人来说，属于不能预见、不能避免并不能克服的不可抗力。 </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> <br /> </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> <strong style="box-sizing:border-box;">裁判规则：</strong> </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;text-align:left;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 销售代理合同履行期间，在销售区域内发生了“非典”疫情，导致销售代理方未能按约完成任务，构成不可抗力——济南东风制药厂与吉林九鑫药业集团有限公司代理销售合同纠纷上诉案案例要旨:当事人双方签订药品销售合同，代理方在“非典”疫情期间未能按约完成销售，本应按约承担赔偿责任，但鉴于履行合同期间，非典疫情的爆发严重影响了销售行为，符合不可抗力的构成，故应免于承担违约责任。 </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;text-align:left;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 案号:(2004)民二终字第163号 </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;text-align:left;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 审理法院:最高人民法院 </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;text-align:left;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 案例来源:《民商事审判指导》2004年第2辑(总第6辑) </p> </section><section style="margin:20px 0% 0px;text-align:center;position:static;box-sizing:border-box;transform:translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform:translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform:translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform:translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="border-radius:100px;border:0px #3E3E3E;border-image:none;width:35px;height:35px;background-image:linear-gradient(90deg, #9DBBFE 0%, #B4B5FD 100%);vertical-align:top;display:inline-block;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;box-sizing:border-box;"><section style="margin:4px 0% 0px;position:static;box-sizing:border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="width:65%;height:auto;line-height:0;vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;"><img class="raw-image" style="width:100%;vertical-align:middle;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;" src="https://statics.xiumi.us/stc/images/templates-assets/tpl-paper/image/bf435ce43a3f600cd1ea9252808d48fb-sz_33752.png" _width="100%" data-ratio="1.3413462" data-w="416" /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin:-17px 0% 27px;position:static;box-sizing:border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="height:1px;background-image:linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(159, 186, 253, 0) 0%, rgba(159, 186, 253, 1) 50%, rgba(159, 186, 253, 0) 100%);line-height:0;box-sizing:border-box;"></section> </section><section style="line-height:1.8;font-size:14px;box-sizing:border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 二、客观情况须发生于义务履行期限内； </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;text-align:left;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 法律条款摘录： </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;text-align:left;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 《中华人民共和国合同法》第一百一十七条规定，当事人迟延履行后发生不可抗力的，不能免除责任。 </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;text-align:left;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 裁判规则： </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 双方签订合同时已经预见到非典时期特殊情况并对此作出明确约定，疫情出现不得作为变更合同的依据——大庆筑安建工集团有限公司曲阜分公司、大庆筑安建工集团有限公司与曲阜市建筑工程公司建设工程施工合同纠纷案案例要旨:双方在签订合同时，已经对“非典”时期的特殊情况做出了明确的预见和约定，后因“非典”疫情导致的图纸变更和工程价款减少不属于合同签订后发生的情势变更，合同一方当事人不能以出现疫情作为变更合同的的依据。 </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 案号:（2017）鲁民申3251号 </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 审理法院:山东省高级人民法院 </p> </section><section style="margin:10px 0% 0px;text-align:center;position:static;box-sizing:border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="background-position:50% 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style="width:100%;vertical-align:middle;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;" src="https://statics.xiumi.us/stc/images/templates-assets/tpl-paper/image/bf435ce43a3f600cd1ea9252808d48fb-sz_33752.png" _width="100%" data-ratio="1.3413462" data-w="416" /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin:-40px 0% 45px;position:static;box-sizing:border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="height:1px;background-image:linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(159, 186, 253, 0) 0%, rgba(159, 186, 253, 1) 50%, rgba(159, 186, 253, 0) 100%);line-height:0;box-sizing:border-box;"></section> </section><section style="line-height:1.8;font-size:14px;box-sizing:border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> <strong style="box-sizing:border-box;">三、该客观情况需实际构成履行障碍</strong> </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 新冠疫情如果不影响合同正常履行，就不能被视为不可抗力。判断是否构成不可抗力不能“一刀切”，必须遵循“一事一议”的规则，进行充分的个案分析，进而作出是否构成不可抗力的最终判断。 </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> <br /> </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> <strong style="box-sizing:border-box;"> 裁判规则：</strong> </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> “非典”疫情如果不影响合同正常履行，就不能被视为不可抗力——开封市兴杰房地产开发有限公司与开封市教育建筑工程公司建设工程施工合同纠纷案 </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 案例要旨:“非典”疫情并不是对所有合同的履行都有影响，如果不影响合同正常履行，“非典”就不能被视为不可抗力。当事人对其主张的三种情形的出现，是否造成在建工程必须全面停工、部分停工或不能以正常效率施工的情况，均未提交有效证据证明。另外，一方因不可抗力不能履行合同的，应当及时通知对方，以减轻可能给对方造成的损失。合同当事人未提交有效证据证明其履行了告知义务，对此,其应承担举证不能的后果。 </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 案号:（2010）汴民终字第1073号 </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 审理法院:河南省开封市中级人民法院 </p> </section><section style="margin:0px 0%;text-align:right;position:static;box-sizing:border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="width:70%;height:auto;line-height:0;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom-color:#FFD4D2;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:solid;display:inline-block;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;align-self:flex-end;"><section style="text-align:left;position:static;box-sizing:border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="group-empty" style="border-width:0px;width:25px;height:2px;line-height:0;vertical-align:top;display:inline-block;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;box-sizing:border-box;background-color:#FFD4D2;"></section></section></section></section><section style="margin:-1px 0% 0px;text-align:right;position:static;box-sizing:border-box;transform:rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg);-webkit-transform:rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg);-moz-transform:rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg);-o-transform:rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg);" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="width:70%;height:auto;line-height:0;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom-color:#FFD4D2;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:solid;display:inline-block;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;align-self:flex-end;"><section style="text-align:left;position:static;box-sizing:border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="group-empty" style="border-width:0px;width:25px;height:2px;line-height:0;vertical-align:top;display:inline-block;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;box-sizing:border-box;background-color:#FFD4D2;"></section></section></section></section><section style="line-height:1.8;font-size:14px;box-sizing:border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> <strong style="box-sizing:border-box;">实务观点：</strong> </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 主张新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情事件构成不可抗力而减轻或者免除合同法律责任，需要考虑的因素问:受疫情影响企业停工等因素导致买卖合同等迟延履行甚至履行不能，如何承担违约责任？ </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 答：《中华人民共和国民法总则》第一百八十条规定，“因不可抗力不能履行民事义务的，不承担民事责任”。《中华人民共和国合同法》第一百一十七条规定，“因不可抗力不能履行合同的，根据不可抗力的影响，部分或者全部免除责任”。不可抗力，是指不能预见、不能避免且不能克服的客观情况。在本次疫情事件构成不可抗力的情形下，当事人能否在个案中减轻或者免除自身的法律责任，需要考虑如下因素： </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 一、当事人在订立合同当时不可预见本次疫情事件。在疫情形势明朗、防控措施实施后订立的合同，一般认为当事人已有相当预期，在无其他因素情形下仍应承担相应责任。 </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 二、迟延履行或者履行不能系受政府防控措施直接导致或者疫情影响企业自身经营不能等客观因素。 </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 三、鉴于政府启动重大突发公共卫生事件响应至措施解除为社会公知性事实，不可抗力的影响期间可以此为基础，企业亦可自行举证证明其因突发疫情与政府防控措施影响导致企业自身经营不能及恢复经营的期间。 </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> （摘自：《疫情防控涉及你我他，你关心的民商事法律问题都在这里了！》，杭州中院微信公众号，发布时间：2020年2月6日 </p> </section><section style="margin:10px 0%;text-align:center;position:static;box-sizing:border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="width:auto;height:auto;vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block;min-width:10%;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;"><section style="position:static;box-sizing:border-box;transform:rotateY(180deg);-webkit-transform:rotateY(180deg);-moz-transform:rotateY(180deg);-o-transform:rotateY(180deg);" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="group-empty" style="background-position:50% 50%;width:100px;height:20px;background-image:url("https://statics.xiumi.us/stc/images/templates-assets/tpl-paper/image/57eba669dc739724d3e607895a0f85f2-sz_1172.png");line-height:0;overflow:hidden;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;vertical-align:top;display:inline-block;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;box-sizing:border-box;background-size:contain;"></section></section></section><section style="padding:0px 5px;width:auto;height:auto;vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block;min-width:10%;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;"><section style="position:static;box-sizing:border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="group-empty" style="background-position:50% 50%;width:30px;height:30px;background-image:url("https://statics.xiumi.us/stc/images/templates-assets/tpl-paper/image/d2d64cbe57de3bd4590871270c216662-sz_31178.png");line-height:0;overflow:hidden;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;vertical-align:top;display:inline-block;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;box-sizing:border-box;background-size:contain;"></section></section></section><section style="width:auto;height:auto;vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block;min-width:10%;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;"><section style="position:static;box-sizing:border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="group-empty" style="background-position:50% 50%;width:100px;height:20px;background-image:url("https://statics.xiumi.us/stc/images/templates-assets/tpl-paper/image/57eba669dc739724d3e607895a0f85f2-sz_1172.png");line-height:0;overflow:hidden;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;vertical-align:top;display:inline-block;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;box-sizing:border-box;background-size:contain;"></section></section></section></section><section style="line-height:1.8;font-size:14px;box-sizing:border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 此次疫情，可能导致部分商业合同一方当事人因不能正常履约引发诉讼。为此，律师建议： </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 如确因本次疫情导致商业合同目的不能实现，则可援引“不可抗力”“情势变更”等法律规定或者合同条款，主张解除合同、免除部分合同责任或者待疫情结束后继续履行合同，但须注意保留相关证据，如政府关于交通管制、延迟企业复工复业等文件、新闻、短信、微信、现场照片或视频等，并及时向对方当事人发函告知相关情况，让对方及时采取补救措施，以减少损失，且要保留通知的证据。 </p> </section><section style="margin:20px 0% 0px;text-align:center;position:static;box-sizing:border-box;transform:translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform:translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform:translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform:translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="border-radius:100px;border:0px #3E3E3E;border-image:none;width:35px;height:35px;background-image:linear-gradient(90deg, #9DBBFE 0%, #B4B5FD 100%);vertical-align:top;display:inline-block;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;box-sizing:border-box;"><section style="margin:4px 0% 0px;position:static;box-sizing:border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="width:65%;height:auto;line-height:0;vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;"><img class="raw-image" style="width:100%;vertical-align:middle;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;" src="https://statics.xiumi.us/stc/images/templates-assets/tpl-paper/image/bf435ce43a3f600cd1ea9252808d48fb-sz_33752.png" _width="100%" data-ratio="1.3413462" data-w="416" /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin:-17px 0% 27px;position:static;box-sizing:border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="height:1px;background-image:linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(159, 186, 253, 0) 0%, rgba(159, 186, 253, 1) 50%, rgba(159, 186, 253, 0) 100%);line-height:0;box-sizing:border-box;"></section> </section><section style="line-height:1.8;font-size:14px;box-sizing:border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 相关法律条款摘录： </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;text-align:left;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 《中华人民共和国民法总则》第一百八十条：“因不可抗力不能履行民事义务的，不承担民事责任。法律另有规定的，依照其规定。不可抗力是指不能预见、不能避免且不能克服的客观情况。” </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 《中华人民共和国合同法》第一百一十七条：“因不可抗力不能履行合同的，根据不可抗力的影响，部分或者全部免除责任，但法律另有规定的除外。当事人迟延履行后发生不可抗力的，不能免除责任。本法所称不可抗力，是指不能预见、不能避免并不能克服的客观情况。” </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> 《中华人民共和国合同法》第九十四条：“有下列情形之一的，当事人可以解除合同：（一）因不可抗力致使不能实现合同目的 </p> <p style="margin:0px;padding:0px;white-space:normal;box-sizing:border-box;"> <br /> </p> </section><section style="margin:10px 0%;text-align:center;position:static;box-sizing:border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="group-empty" style="background-position:50% 50%;width:18px;height:18px;background-image:url("https://statics.xiumi.us/stc/images/templates-assets/tpl-paper/image/6e0c7b950610d9a46f5a52bd908411ef-sz_56496.gif");line-height:0;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;vertical-align:top;display:inline-block;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:hidden;box-sizing:border-box;background-size:contain;"></section></section><section style="position:static;box-sizing:border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin:15px 0px;display:flex;position:static;box-sizing:border-box;align-items:center;"><section style="flex:1 0 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